Sql Server 2008 Interview Questions And Answers

Which are new data types introduced in SQL SERVER 2008?

GEOMETRY Type : The GEOMETRY data type is a system .NET common language runtime (CLR) data type in SQL Server. This type represent data in a two‐dimensional Euclidean coordinate system.

GEOGRAPHY Type: The GEOGRAPHY datatype’s functions are the same as with GEOMETRY. The difference between the two is that when you specify GEOGRAPHY, you are usually specifying points in terms of latitude and longitude.

New Date and Time Datatypes: SQL Server 2008 introduces four new datatypes related to date and time: DATE, TIME, DATETIMEOFFSET, and DATETIME2

DATE: The new DATE type just stores the date itself. It is based on the Gregorian calendar and handles years from 1 to 9999.

TIME: The new TIME (n) type stores time with a range of 00:00:00.0000000 through 23:59:59.9999999. The precision is allowed with this type. TIME supports seconds down to 100 nanoseconds. The n in TIME (n) defines this level of fractional second precision, from 0 to 7 digits of precision.

The DATETIMEOFFSET Type: DATETIMEOFFSET (n) is the time‐zone‐aware version of a datetime datatype. The name will appear less odd when you consider what it really
is: a date + a time + a time‐zone offset. The offset is based on how far behind or ahead you are from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time.

The DATETIME2 Type: It is an extension of the datetime type in earlier versions of SQL Server. This new datatype has a date range covering dates from January 1 of year 1 through December 31 of year 9999. This is a definite improvement over the 1753 lower boundary of the datetime datatype. DATETIME2 not only includes the larger date range, but also has a timestamp and the same fractional precision that TIME type provides

What is MERGE Statement?

MERGE is a new feature that provides an efficient way to perform multiple DML operations. In previous versions of SQL Server, we had to write separate statements to INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE data based on certain conditions, but now, using MERGE statement we can include the logic of such data modifications in one statement that even checks when the data is matched then just update it and when unmatched then insert it. One of the most important advantages of MERGE statement is all the data is read and processed only once.

What is CLR?

In SQL Server 2008, SQL Server objects such as user‐defined functions can be created using such CLR languages. This CLR language support extends not only to user‐defined functions, but also to stored procedures and triggers. You can develop such CLR add‐ons to SQL Server using Visual Studio 2008.

How would you handle error in Sql Server 2008.

SQL Server now supports the use of TRY...CATCH for handling errors. TRY...CATCH lets us build error handling at the level we need, by setting a region where if any error occurs, it will break out of the region and head to an error handler. The basic structure is as follows:

BEGIN TRY
<code>
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
<code>
End CATCH

So, If any error occurs in the try block, execution is diverted to the catch block, and the error can be dealt.

What are Sparse Columns?

A sparse column is another tool used to reduce the amount of physical storage used in a database. They are the ordinary columns that have an optimized storage for null values. Sparse columns reduce the space requirements for null values at the cost of more overhead to retrieve nonnull values.

What is CTE?

CTE is an abbreviation Common Table Expression. A Common Table Expression (CTE) is an expression that can be thought of as a temporary result set which is defined within the execution of a single SQL statement. A CTE is similar to a derived table in that it is not stored as an object and lasts only for the duration of the query.

What does TOP Operator Do?

The TOP operator is used to specify the number of rows to be returned by a query. The TOP operator has new addition in SQL SERVER 2008 that it accepts variables as well as literal values and can be used with INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETES statements.